| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Patients with emphysema localized to the upper lung lobes are candidates for lung volume reduction surgery, where the upper lobes are surgically removed to restore the natural concavity and function of the diaphragm. [0011] Acute exacerbations of asthma are often caused by spasm of the airways, or bronchoconstriction, causing symptoms including sudden shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough.
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