| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Al-Qaeda was an idea and an ideology, symbolized by an extremely charismatic figure in Osama bin Laden. ??? History teaches us that the loss of the charismatic leader ??? of the symbol ??? is extraordinarily damaging for the organization. ??? With the death of bin Laden, the central organizing ideology that presented an existential seduction to the Muslim world and an existential threat to the Wes
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