| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - The methods and apparatus of the invention may thus allow placement without need for either a sternotomy or a thoracotomy, and with reduced rates of surgical complications including death. [0053] In order to provide assistance to the heart, a pump device such as the heart assist or replacement device 52 must have access to the interior of the heart 2 and the blood flowing through it.
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