. "In certain embodiments, the blood (e.g., plasma or serum) level of GIP is a blood (e.g., plasma or serum) level of total GIP. In certain embodiments, the blood (e.g., plasma or serum) level of GIP is a blood (e.g., plasma or serum) level of bioactive (active) GIP. In certain embodiments, a GPR119 agonist or a combination of a GPR119 agonist and a DPP-IV inhibitor is administered on a daily or regu" . . .