. "I have a doubt on this statementThe -ING form if not preceed by a comma (, +ing verb) refers to the preceding noun or noun phrase.verb-ing-modifiers-part-2-in-our-first-article-on-verb-ing-135567.htmlThis noun could or could not be the subject.The rule above refers to the cases in which require (for example) is used as verb.The new prodedure requires that ...But in this case require is a m" . . .