. "The basic creed or tenet of Islam is found in the shah??dat??n (twin testimonies\"): a??hadu 'al-l?? il??ha ill??-ll??hu wa 'a??hadu 'anna mu??ammadan ras??lu-ll??h; I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.[1] As the most important pillar, this testament can be considered a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Isl" . . .