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| - s of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.We accept,[fn9] however, that [e]very person, means every person except judges, Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 559
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