Cytokines such as TNF-??, IL-1 and IL-6 have become important targets in the management of RA. Other new treatment modalities target B-cell depletion and inhibition of T-cell stimulation.10,11 There may possibly be a role for bisphosphonates to prevent erosive disease by inhibiting osteoclastic activity.10 Clinical diagnosis Early rheumatoid arthritis Early diagnosis and treatment of RA is of para