Cytokines, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and the interleukin family, and growth factors, such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Angiotensin II (Ang II), and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), promote the diapedesis of monocytes into the medial layer of the artery as well as the migration of VSMCs to the intimal layer where they p