Furthermore, high energy modifications to hydrocarbon polymers and fluorocarbon polymers, such as PTFE or porous PTFE, often produce reactive compositions on the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon backbone that have an undeterminable surface density, chemical identity, and chemical stability (X. Xie, T. R. Gengenbach, and H. J. Griesser, Changes in wettability with time of plasma modified perfluorinated