Stress alone encodes the passive: k??tu put, kut?? be put and also deverbalizes to create nouns: k??ruju cultivate, grow, kur??ju agriculture. (Heine 1982 is apparently unique in treating Kinubi as tonal, and thus describing distinctions like this as tonally encoded.) Kinubi pronouns, typically of a creole, do not vary for case, but there is a paradigm of bound pronominal affixes used in c