JEV infection of BV-2, the mouse derived microglial cells triggered massive inflammatory response as seen by the morphological changes (Figure 1A) and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, particularly LTB4 (Figure 1B), cytokines and chemokine (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-??; Figures 1C and 1D) in the medium and significant reduction of the protective cytokine, IL-10 levels (Figure 1D).