His father, Jerusalem-born Dr. Benjamin M. Emanuel, is a pediatrician who was active in the Irgun, a hardline group that fought for Israeli independence until 1948 and was branded as a terrorist organization by the British colonial authorities.[2] His mother, Marsha Emanuel (n??e Smulevitz), was a civil rights activist, and the one-time owner of a Chicago-area rock and roll club.[3] As a child, Ar