This overall rise comprises periods of particularly rapid increase during the early 1990s (44% increase between 1989-1991 and 1994-1996) and early 2000s (34% increase between 1997-1999 and 2002-2004); these periods correspond with the introduction of PSA testing from the late 1980s,12-14 and with increasing rates of PSA testing around the late 1990s.15,16 Recruitment to the CAP arm of the ProtecT