lypeptides are also involved in regulating NFKB activity, the association of a PAP with a PAAD domain-containing polypeptide can also affect responses of cells to stimuli that activate NFKB transcription, including TNF?? and IL-1 and other proinflammatory cytokines, T- and B-cell mitogens, bacteria, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viruses, viral proteins, double stranded RNA, and physical and