Besides its cytoprotective role in cellular homeostasis, for example in situations of nutrient starvation, autophagy can be a form of programmed cell death, designated ???type II programmed cell death'.20In the present study, we have investigated the effect of the combination between GEM and three different CB ligands, arachidonoyl cyclopropamide (ACPA) and SR141716 (SR1) for CB1, and GW405833 (GW