We used the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system13 to define locally advanced disease as follows: for intrahepatic CCA, a tumor size of at least 5 cm, involvement of a major branch of the portal vein or the hepatic artery or adjacent organs other than gallbladder, or metastasis to the regional lymph nodes; for hilar CCA, tumor size of at least 3 cm11; invasion beyond the wall of the b