Prof. Sunario, in a speech to the Jakarta Rotary Club in 1984, entitled The Meaning of Sumpah Pemuda (the Youth Pledge) for Our National Existence and Survival, explained as follows: According to (earlier) theories (but) now regarded as being out of date, a nation is a large group of people of a common a) racial composition, or with a same b) religion, or c) culture, or d) same language.