ma and thyroid carcinoma, both of which have an incidence rate in excess of five per 1 million per year.[3] Most diagnoses included in this summary of rare cancers are in the subset of malignancies listed in the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) subgroup XI, including thyroid cancer, melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers, in addition to multiple types of carcinomas (e.g., adr