mortality associated with ground-level ozone (high confidence) [8.2.6, 8.4.1.4]; increase the number of people at risk of dengue (low confidence) [8.2.8, 8.4.1]; bring some benefits to health, including fewer deaths from cold, although it is expected that these will be outweighed by the negative effects of rising temperatures worldwide, especially in developing countries (high confidence) [8.2.1,