Binding of iodinated heparins to cytokines including IL-3 (R & D Systems), MIP-1??, bFGF (R & D Systems), and VEGF (isoforms VEGF165 and VEGF121; kind gifts from Dr S. Ramakrishnan, University of Minnesota) and to ECM molecules including TSP (a kind gift from Dr Robert Hebbel, University of Minnesota) and FN (Sigma) was examined using ACE. ACE was performed as described.26