The organism reacts to disrupted homeostasis with an influx of local cells involved in inflammation (such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes) secreting a number of cytokines (most notably interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor -?? (TNF-??)) and chemokines (such as IL-8) into the bloodstream.