for cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are not themselves directly associated with kinases, but they too link to downstream kinase cascades.Figure 1.Proximal signaling pathways upon stimulation of immune receptors in B and T cellsWhere it all startedSince all protein kinases bind ATP, the prospect of developing a therapeutically useful kinase inhibitor seemed daun