| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Thus, the method is particularly effective in obtaining a liquid crystal device having a so-called bookshelf orientation in which the pre-tilt angle is 5??? or less and in which the smectic layer is not bent, or a liquid crystal device having a so-called chevron orientation in which the pre-tilt angle is 10??? or more and in which the smectic layer is bent.
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