| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - However, the conventional contact charging method in which the applied voltage contains an alternating component has a disadvantage in that a charging member, such as a roller, and the image bearing member vibrates at a frequency 2f, which is twice an alternating frequency f, or at a frequency which is an integral multiple of the frequency 2f due to the Coulomb's force, which acts between the imag
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