| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - For forming an alignment film, there are known, for example, a method in which, for obtaining homogeneous orientation, a polymer (such as polyimide) film is formed on a substrate and the film surface is rubbed with a cloth or other means to orient the liquid crystal molecules; method in which an inorganic material such as SiO2, SiO, MgO or MgF2 is deposited on a substrate by oblique evaporation to
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