| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Calcium channel blockers such as nicardipine or nifedipine also have been employed to control the hypertension preoperatively.[55] A calcium channel blocker may be used in conjunction with alpha and beta blockade for refractory hypertension or used alone as a second-line agent for patients with intolerable side effects from alpha blockade.[46]
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