| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - The pretreatment or bias enhanced nucleation is preferably carried out for a predetermined time, such as for about 5 to 30 minutes and, more preferably, 20 to 25 minutes for obtaining a high nucleation density and with an electrical bias of 150 to 250 volts, and, more preferably, about 200 volts negative with respect to ground for a projection having a radius of curvature of about 30 nm.
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