| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - In PSC-mediated CCA, the mutation was detected in the promoter, leading to the overexpression of p16INK4a and p14ARF cell cycle regulators [232].During the genesis of CCA, both PSC and parasitic infections cause cholestasis and chronic inflammation of the bile duct, which can induce the epithelial cells to produce a variety of cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, TGF-
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