| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - As intermediate methods between the contact charging methods and non-contact charging methods, short range charging methods in which a DC voltage overlapped with a DC or AC voltage is applied to a photoreceptor using a charging element, such as a brush, a roller-shaped brush, a roller, a blade or a belt, which has an appropriate electroconductivity and elasticity, while a narrow gap is formed betw
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