| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Others, particularly economists, have thought a great deal in a practical way about causal associations???recently preferring to use natural or field experiments.To truly prove causality would require leaders to be randomly assigned to universities, which would in principle make it possible to isolate the leader effect from other unobservable influences.2 This, of course, cannot be done1A Treatise
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