| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - (1) that he engaged in a protected activity; (2) that this was known by the defendant; (3) that the defendant took an???.???.???.???action adverse to the plaintiff; and (4) that there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse???.???.???.???action. [ Mitan, supra at 681, quoting DeFlaviis v Lord & Taylor, Inc, 223 Mich App 432, 436; 566 NW2d 661 (1997) (holding that the
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