| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as prostaglandins (PgE), have a stimulating effect on the bone resorption, since they affect differentiation of osteoblasts from precursor cells. [25] The effect of osteoporosis on periodontitis can be partly explained by the increased number of created proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins
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