| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - ple, circulatory levelsof tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, soluble TNF-areceptors, and in vitro TNF-a production have beenshown to be elevated in patients with components ofthe metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and insulinresistance.34,35TNF may lead to insulin resistance byinhibiting insulin-mediated tyrosine phosphoryla-tion of the insulin receptor as well as insulin receptorsubstrate-1, key to
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