| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Disclosed herein is a data management apparatus including, a management-data storage unit for storing management-object data, a management-data verification-value storage unit for storing a top value placed on the top of an n-branch data-management tree as a management-data verification value where n is an integer equal to or greater than two, and a data verification process unit for carrying out
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