| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - In addition, when at least one of the materials is an electro-optic material, it is preferred that the deflection controller 4 applies an electric field (including the electric field caused by light) to the photonic crystal 1 as the energy. [0051] For example, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the deflection controller 4 comprises a pair of planar electrodes 50 disposed at opposite sides of the photoni
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