| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - In this waveguide, the mechanical strength of the cleavage surface of the photonic crystal has been enhanced. [0052] The structure shown in FIG. 9 is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 (or FIG. 7), except that peripheral protective portions 151, 152 consisting of the matrix medium 111 alone and free from holes 112 are additionally provided around the photonic crystal in its portion other than the co
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