| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Examples of a method for an orientation treatment include a rubbing method in which after a polymer material such as polyimide and an inorganic material are coated onto a surface of a substrate, the resulting substrate is rubbed by using a cloth; a homeotropic method in which a surfactant compound with low surface tension is coated onto a substrate; and a diagonal orientation method in which SiO2
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