| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - In some tumor types, such as head and neck cancers, the TGF?? cascade has been proposed to be predominantly tumor-suppressive, based on the frequent loss of the TGF??RII gene encoding the TGF?? receptor, and multiple important signaling effectors (SMAD2-4) through chromosome 18q deletions and mutations (discussed in (Leemans et al., 2011)).
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