| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - cells.3,4 Macrophages, fibroblasts, and monocytes generate cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in the synovial tissue.4 These cytokines produce matrix metalloproteinases and osteoclasts, which eventually leads to inflammation and irreversible damage to soft tissue and bone.4
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