| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - According to the IPCC, ???the presence of black carbon over highly reflective surfaces, such as snow and ice, or clouds, may cause a significant positive radiative forcing.???[69] The IPCC also notes that emissions from biomassburning, which usually have a negative forcing,[70] have a positive forcing over snow fields in areas such as the Himalayas.[71]
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