| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - The inventors have determined, after further experimentation, how to make the liquid crystal layer have the Grandjean texture when the reflection electrodes are made of metal such as aluminum or aluminum alloy and the counter electrodes are made of ITO. That is, the Grandjean texture of the liquid crystal is obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflection electrode to form an oxidized layer on
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