| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - These three kinds of elements are an element which performs four-wave mixing by a semiconductor optical amplifier or an optical fiber, an element which performs cross-gain modulation by a semiconductor optical amplifier, and an element which performs cross-phase modulation by semiconductor optical amplifiers. [0005] As for four-wave mixing by the semiconductor optical amplifier, as shown in FIG. 1
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