| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Further, a barrier to charges, such as electrons and ions, i.e., a trap level, is present in the interfaces between the electrodes consisting of ITO or the like for applying an electric field to the ferroelectric liquid crystal and the orientation layers consisting of rubbed polyimide layers or the like for orienting the liquid crystal, and in the interfaces between the orientation layers and the
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