| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Several hypotheses based on biological mechanisms link cigarette smoking to MS and to other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.9,30,31 The most frequent suggested mechanisms include possible vascular effects, effects on the immune system, increased production of nitric oxide, increased frequency of respiratory infections, and a potential direct neurot
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