| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Lewis argues that the Middle East is currently backward and its decline was a largely self-inflicted condition resulting from both culture and religion, as opposed to the post-colonialist view which posits the problems of the region as economic and political maldevelopment mainly due to the 19th-century European colonization.[15] In his 1982 work Muslim Discovery of Europe, Lewis argues that Musli
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