| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - - Pathogenic organisms including bacteria and viruses- Mechanical trauma- Irritants such as alcohol, tobacco, hot foods, spices- Sensitization to chemical substances in toothpaste or mouthwashes- Nutritional deficiencies, especially avitaminosis - Blood disorders- Poison by drugs, especially heavy metals- Certain skin disorders- Systemic infections such as measles, scarlet fever, syphilis Clinical
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