| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - Here, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-248251, effective core cross-sectional area Aeff is given by the following expression: A eff = 2 ??? ??? ?? ??? ( ??? 0 ??? ??? E 2 ??? r ??? ??? ??? r ) 2 / ( ??? 0 ??? ??? E 4 ??? r ??? ??? ??? r ) wherein E is an electric field accompanying propagated light, and r is a radial distance from a core center.
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