| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - FIG. 7 is a graph showing a pre-tilt angle dependence on an initial transmittance (upon the off state of voltage) of the light modulation apparatus shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C. The pre-tilt angle is defined as an angle at which liquid crystal molecules are tilted along the tilt direction of main chains of a film made from a high polymer such as polyimide or polyvinyl alcohol at the rubbing step.
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