| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#value | - cie case of retaliation, the plaintiff must show: (1) that he participated in an activity protected by Title VII; (2) that his participation was known to his employer; (3) that his employer thereafter subjected him to a materially adverse employment action; and (4) that there was a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action. 69 An adverse employment action i
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